Economic policy in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic policy in the USA - Essay Example United States applied Keynesian approach that supports fiscal policy as the best measure to boost socio-economic growth. Fiscal policy is important in managing economy within the projections of the government (Cohen 67). United States has over time used fiscal policy at national level as the best way to enhance expansionary economic policy. For instance, increased taxation has given the country revenue to fund various sectors and more importantly initiate economic stimulus programme. Such programmes help in creating more jobs which constitute expansionary measures hence boosting the overall national income per capita. The changing socio-economic and political structure of the contemporary society has initiated free-market economy. In this regard, United States uses monetary policy through its reserve bank to regulate inflation and hence boosts its global competitiveness in trade. The theoretical tenet behind monetary policy is the free interaction of forces of demand and supply (Cohe n 120). It is also the basis of capitalism which has seen United States remain consistent in terms of global economic performance ranking. The monetary policy has also been critical to the United States considering the use of its currency as the standard of measure. This means consideration of its foreign policy on trade which depends on the strength of its currency in global market. Fiscal policy remains in force within United States towards welfare of the citizens and particularly towards provision of education and healthcare.

Ethic management Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethic management Discussion Question - Essay Example Deciding whose life to trade in exchange for who's is inherently an unethical decision to make. It requires placing a higher value on certain lives and lower value on others based on immutable characteristics of those individuals, such as age, gender and station in life. If acting ethically essentially means doing the right thing, there is really no right choice to make in the nuclear fallout shelter exercise. The best one can hope to do in this exercise is to make a utilitarian decision based on who is most likely to live the greatest number of years with greatest quality of life. Yet that basis for a determination is itself unethical because a human life with only a year remaining is arguably no less valuable than one that has just begun. Thus, the exercise presents a true ethical dilemma. Nevertheless, if forced to make a utilitarian determination of who should be allowed into the fallout shelter, a decision in favor of the pregnant college student and the female child seems to be a no-brainer. The pregnant college student gives you a two-for-one benefit, essentially allowing the decision maker to save five people rather than just four. And the child is the only child among the candidates.

Translation Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Translation Studies - Essay Example With the advent of television, dubbing of TV programs also became popular, so that by the late 1970s, most major European and Latin American markets were watching television and cinema productions made in Hollywood in their local languages. Today, in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Turkey-and increasingly in the major East European nations-audiences see Hollywood productions in their local languages, rather than subtitles, as a result of concern for audience size and linguistic purity.1 As Ramez Maluf the director of the Beirut Institute for Media Arts at the Lebanese American University comments that subtitling required readers to read and gave them a feeling that they were watching a foreign production and could not attract a huge market. Dubbing was used sufficiently and persuasively in this regard. The revival period of the Disney animations resulted in production of all time hit genres like the Beauty and the Beast, The Alladin, The Simpsons and the Lion King. These animations were popular throughout the world and were translated in a number of languages to suit the needs of varying publics. The research proposal aims at studying the translations of English versions of Disney Genres into Arabic through dubbing. 'The Simpsons', the popular American animated series for more than seventeen years now, will be studied and analyzed as part of the study. 'The Simpsons' The 1990s saw the beginnings of a new wave of animated series targeted primarily to adults, after a lack of such a focus for over a decade. In 1989, The Simpsons, based on a short animated cartoon segment of The Tracey Ullman Show, became the first prime-time animated series since The Flintstones to capture a sizable viewing audience. It was the first major hit series for the fledgling Fox network, and it caused a minor sensation, entering popular culture and gaining wide acceptance. Currently, The Simpsons appears to show no signs of stopping and at this rate may surpass Gunsmoke, as the longest-running fictional program in American television history. The Simpsons success has been attributed by many to the two faced quality of its theme. It is a silly cartoon with witty socio-political commentary. Micheal Hastings of All Movie Guide describes it in following words "A tale of five-member, four-fingered, dysfunctional nuclear family" Simpsons popularity could be deemed by the fact that it is responsible for the introduction of a number of phrases and words into the American Culture like D'oh! Jebus, Kwyjibo, Meh, Okily-Dokily and Yoink! These phrases have found their way into popular use, to varying degrees and are a norm for any American adult. Simpsons attained worldwide popularity primarily in America, as it highlighted various social and historical

Economic policy in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic policy in the USA - Essay Example United States applied Keynesian approach that supports fiscal policy as the best measure to boost socio-economic growth. Fiscal policy is important in managing economy within the projections of the government (Cohen 67). United States has over time used fiscal policy at national level as the best way to enhance expansionary economic policy. For instance, increased taxation has given the country revenue to fund various sectors and more importantly initiate economic stimulus programme. Such programmes help in creating more jobs which constitute expansionary measures hence boosting the overall national income per capita. The changing socio-economic and political structure of the contemporary society has initiated free-market economy. In this regard, United States uses monetary policy through its reserve bank to regulate inflation and hence boosts its global competitiveness in trade. The theoretical tenet behind monetary policy is the free interaction of forces of demand and supply (Cohe n 120). It is also the basis of capitalism which has seen United States remain consistent in terms of global economic performance ranking. The monetary policy has also been critical to the United States considering the use of its currency as the standard of measure. This means consideration of its foreign policy on trade which depends on the strength of its currency in global market. Fiscal policy remains in force within United States towards welfare of the citizens and particularly towards provision of education and healthcare.

Translation Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Translation Studies - Essay Example With the advent of television, dubbing of TV programs also became popular, so that by the late 1970s, most major European and Latin American markets were watching television and cinema productions made in Hollywood in their local languages. Today, in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Turkey-and increasingly in the major East European nations-audiences see Hollywood productions in their local languages, rather than subtitles, as a result of concern for audience size and linguistic purity.1 As Ramez Maluf the director of the Beirut Institute for Media Arts at the Lebanese American University comments that subtitling required readers to read and gave them a feeling that they were watching a foreign production and could not attract a huge market. Dubbing was used sufficiently and persuasively in this regard. The revival period of the Disney animations resulted in production of all time hit genres like the Beauty and the Beast, The Alladin, The Simpsons and the Lion King. These animations were popular throughout the world and were translated in a number of languages to suit the needs of varying publics. The research proposal aims at studying the translations of English versions of Disney Genres into Arabic through dubbing. 'The Simpsons', the popular American animated series for more than seventeen years now, will be studied and analyzed as part of the study. 'The Simpsons' The 1990s saw the beginnings of a new wave of animated series targeted primarily to adults, after a lack of such a focus for over a decade. In 1989, The Simpsons, based on a short animated cartoon segment of The Tracey Ullman Show, became the first prime-time animated series since The Flintstones to capture a sizable viewing audience. It was the first major hit series for the fledgling Fox network, and it caused a minor sensation, entering popular culture and gaining wide acceptance. Currently, The Simpsons appears to show no signs of stopping and at this rate may surpass Gunsmoke, as the longest-running fictional program in American television history. The Simpsons success has been attributed by many to the two faced quality of its theme. It is a silly cartoon with witty socio-political commentary. Micheal Hastings of All Movie Guide describes it in following words "A tale of five-member, four-fingered, dysfunctional nuclear family" Simpsons popularity could be deemed by the fact that it is responsible for the introduction of a number of phrases and words into the American Culture like D'oh! Jebus, Kwyjibo, Meh, Okily-Dokily and Yoink! These phrases have found their way into popular use, to varying degrees and are a norm for any American adult. Simpsons attained worldwide popularity primarily in America, as it highlighted various social and historical

Lenins Russia Essay Example for Free

Lenins Russia Essay 1. The painting shows that Lenin is pleased to be back in Russia. He has his hand up waving at the crowd. Lenin looks happy and he looks pleased to be back. He also looks to be pleased by the way that the crowd are reacting to his return. The crowd are happy to have Lenin back. The peoples faces are all looking at him and they are all waving back at him. There are people playing musical instruments at what looks like a celebration to welcome him back. They are celebrating the return of Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, who later changed his name to Lenin, from exile in Finland. The people are pleased to see Lenin and they would therefore be the people that agree with Lenin and his ideas and decisions. The crowd is not just townspeople that have gone to meet Lenin. There are men there with bullets over their shoulders. These people are soldiers that agreed with Lenins ideas. They had some force with their guns and this means that Lenin had some force. All of these townspeople see Lenin as a leader for Russia that is why they are there. This is not a true reflection over all of Russia. This source is very inaccurate as it is painting and could have been a forgery to make Lenin look popular and make it look like there are a lot of people there. 2. The painting does show that Lenin was popular in Finland station, which is in Russia like Waterloo station is in London, but this is not a true reflection over the whole of Russia. The people that were at Finland station are clearly pleased to have him back but in other parts of Russia this was not the case. Lenin was only popular with the people that supported communism and supported Bolshevik rule. These were known as the reds and the opposition was known as the whites due to the color of their uniforms that their armies wore. It is clear that this painting does not show the feeling over the rest of Russia because the civil war came. This tells us that Lenin was not popular all over Russia and he had opposition in the whites that he fought in the civil war. This was not only the case in Russia but also all over the world. When the civil war started Lenin and the reds didnt have any outside allies while the Americans, the French and the British supported the whites. These countries wanted to help the whites against Lenin because Lenin had pulled Russia out of the First World War before it had ended. They were bitter about it and so they helped fight against him. In conclusion Lenin was popular and respected in certain areas of Russia like Finland station but across the rest of Russia and the World he was not admired or acclaimed. Source B 3. Each photograph has Lenin on the left standing on a podium talking to the crowd that are surrounding him. On the first photograph Lenin has two men standing to his right on the stairs. These men are Trotsky and Kamenev who were the right hand men to Lenin. In the second photo Lenin is again standing on the podium but in this photo there is no Trotsky or Kamenev, photographic experts have removed Trotsky and Kamenev. 4. These pictures are so different because in the first one Lenin is accompanied by two men, Trotsky and Kamenev but in the second picture they have disappeared from the image. These pictures were used as propaganda pictures by Stalin after the death of Lenin to inform the people that Trotsky and Kamenev were not anymore involved with Stalin. It is as if they have disappeared. Trotsky was the man behind the red army. He was the man that gained a great victory in the civil war and saved the Revolution. Trotsky would have been the man to take over from Lenin after his death but due to the fact he was clever he was hated by the other Communist leaders and was never supported, so a man that was lower down in rank was given the job, Joseph Stalin. Stalin and the other communist leaders hated Trotsky. He was removed from any position of power in the country so that he couldnt cause any problem for Stalin. Stalin took power with Zinovliev and Kamenev after Lenins death. They accused Trotsky of trying to split the communist party and take power for himself. No one defended Trotsky. After Trotsky had all of his positions of power removed he was exiled internally and then in 1929 Leon Trotsky was forced out of Russia and was exiled to Mexico. Once Stalin had taken power away from Trotsky before he was exiled, Stalin turned on Kamenev and Zinoviev. They were becoming worried and in 1926 they joined Trotsky in a United Opposition to Stalins policies. Stalin got his supporters to help him and both were sacked from their party and government positions. They were both allowed back into the party in 1928 but into positions with no power. So Stalin had ended up the solitary leader of Soviet Union. This trouble had left him very apprehensive of his colleagues. Stalin used the two photographs to show that Trotsky and Kamenev had fallen from their days of power when Lenin was alive and in charge. Source C 5. (i) Lenin is sweeping the entire world of Royalty, Aristocratic and Religious people. Lenin was against rich and powerful people and so that is why he is sweeping them off the globe. The people he is targeting are all the rich people. The man standing on top of the globe is Lenin. The first two men to his right of Lenin, with crowns on, look to be some kind of royalty. The person in the bottom left of the picture looks like an Orthodox Russian Church member. The man in the bottom right of the cartoon looks like a rich aristocrat. Lenin is using a broom and sweeping because that is traditionally associated with workers and not the rich. It is signifying the fight back of the workers to show that Lenin is on the workers side and that they will fight against the rich. 5. (ii) The Revolution of March 1917 that overthrew the tsarist regime caught Lenin by surprise, but he managed to secure passage through Germany in a sealed train. His dramatic arrival in Petrograd occurred one month after rebellious workers and soldiers had toppled the tsar. The Bolsheviks, including Joseph Stalin, had agreed with the deference the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies showed to the provisional government. Lenin immediately refused this line of policy. In his April Theses he argued that only the Soviet could respond to the hopes and needs of Russias workers and peasants. Under the slogan All Power to the Soviets, the Bolshevik party conference accepted Lenins programme. After an unsuccessful workers uprising in July, Lenin spent August and September 1917 in Finland, hiding from the provisional government. There, he formulated his concepts of a socialist government. He also bombarded the partys Central Committee with demands for an armed uprising in the capital. His plan was finally accepted; it was put into effect on November 7th. A few days after the November Revolution, Lenin was elected head of government. He acted sensibly to consolidate the power of the new Soviet state. His main concern was the protection of the Revolution and Soviet power against enemies both abroad and at home. In line with these practical considerations Lenin accepted the heavy German terms for the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty. Lenin took power of Russia from the provisional government that didnt put up that much of a fight at all to stop him from taking over. Lenin took power after the Tsar had fallen and the country was in disarray after the First World War. Lenin took power after being in exile from Russia so he hadnt seen all of the effects that the war had on Russia. Source D 6. (i) Robert Lansing had a bad attitude towards the Russian revolution. He didnt think that Russia could survive after the takeover by the Bolsheviks in the civil war. Lansing believed that the revolution would end in brutality and destruction of life. Lansing compares the Russian revolution with the French revolution. He says that before the French revolution France had a legal system and a government, Russia possesses neither. This means that he didnt think that they would be capable of running the country. Lansing says that the country wouldnt end up further developed. Which indicates that there is no point in fighting. To stop the problem they should get a government and a legal system. To advance his speech he hammers home his point that there is no authority or control. He continues to say that the country is full of anarchy and violence. He gives a comparison to a cauldron as though it is waiting to overflow, it is boiling up nicely. Finally he thinks of the people of Russia and how they will be affected by the war. He gives the sense that he feels sorry for the things that will happen to them. Robert Lansings attitude was that Russia would be worse off if the Bolsheviks took control of all Russia. His view is not necessarily correct, as Robert Lansing has biased opinion due to the fact that he was the US Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He has a bad attitude towards Russia because they pulled out of the First World War. The Americans would be bitter and wouldnt support anything that the Russians do. 6. (ii) When Robert Lansing said the words Russian Terror he was referring to the pain that Russian people would feel. By terror he means that blood will be shed and life will be lost. He thinks that the death rate and property destruction will be higher than the French Revolution. He is saying that people have a hard time ahead of them if they live in Russia. Source E 7. This source comes from Winston Churchill at the time when he was the British Secretary of War and Air. Churchill has a very definite opinion of the Bolsheviks and there ideas, he doesnt support them at all. You can tell from the first sentence he said the Bolshevik Tyranny is the worst. This is a very hard statement to take in. This means that a Tyrant ran the Bolshevik party so Churchill is calling Lenin a Tyrant and Churchill was calling Lenin cruel. He was calling the Bolshevik party cruel. This is a statement that sets out from the start that he doesnt support the Bolsheviks. In the next sentence Churchill states that the things that had been done in Russia by Lenin and Trotsky are far worst than anything that the Kaiser of Germany did. To compare Trotsky and Lenin to the Kaiser is a very strong statement, as he was not at all liked by anyone in Germany. He was hurting everyone. Churchill doesnt say that they are equal to the Kaiser but that they are worst than him. Churchill view on Russia would be biased because he is British and he still wouldnt be too happy because Russia pulled out of the First World War. Churchill has more reason to be infuriated than most British people as he was in charge of Britains war effort. Source F 8. This source doesnt show that the Bolshevik government was successful. They didnt do the job that they set out to do which was to help the working class people. This source is bound to be accurate as it out of a history textbook it will be accurate because it is looking back on the incident and not looking forward like source D and E the book will also not have biased opinion. The first line says that Russian people suffered terribly in the civil war. This proves that Robert Lansing and Winston Churchill were correct with their prediction. Both said that the Russian people would suffer terribly and both were right. The Bolshevik government did not handle the civil war at all well. This source gives us some facts to back the suggestion that the government was not successful. The source tells us the economy collapsed. This meant that money was worthless. So the Bolsheviks didnt mange to keep the money useable. The fact that industrial production had gone down means that they are going backwards and not improving the country, so Lansing was right when he said that this wasnt the way to go. The civil war wasnt killing as much as the diseases were which meant that innocent people were dying not just soldiers. The Bolsheviks were not fighting for their idea of workers, they were killing them instead. The communist was now becoming a dictatorship. This means that Churchill was right in his analysis comparing the Bolsheviks to the Kaiser who was a dictator. The source says that the Bolsheviks were losing support as well. This means that they were not successful at all. They didnt have success at all from the civil war. Summary 9. Source A This source gives us a false sense of the popularity of Lenin in Russia. This painting is only of Finland station and does not give a good representation of the rest Russia. Lenin is proven not to liked all over Russia because there is the civil war and this means that one opposition party doesnt like Lenin so this source is only a good indication as to where Lenin is liked. You can tell that he is liked at Finland station and the surrounding area. We do not know about the rest of the country but he is certainly liked in is one area. This source does not give us an accurate sense of Lenins popularity. This source could also be a forgery if it were a photograph it would be true but a painting can easily be made up. You cannot be certain if this is the true event that happened. Source B This source was used as propaganda for Stalin after Lenins death. These sources real point is the fact that Trotsky and Kamenev have fallen from the limelight, but the source can also be used to look at the popularity of Lenin and the message he was giving out to the people of Russia. In both pictures you can see the crowd covering the whole of the area. There are no gaps anywhere. This shows that Lenin was popular at this time and that people did listen to him. As I have already said this sources main point that Trotsky and Kamenev have gone but the photo can give other information. You can only see behind Lenin at the number of people but I would imagine that in front of him there would be more people as his voice would be projected that way. So this means there would be about triple the amount of people in photograph listening to Lenin. That may seem like a lot but over the whole of Russia it is small amount considering the vast size that is Russia. We are not told where this is and so might in an area where Lenin is popular like Finland station. You can tell that this event actually happened as it a photograph not a painting like the source before. Source C Source C is a political cartoon that is aiming to put across the message that Lenin is working with the working class. Lenin has the broom and is sweeping because that is associated with the working class people. He is sweeping the upper class and privileged people off of the world and taking over. If this cartoon were a true reflection on the job that Lenin was doing, you would assume that he would be popular with working class but not so the upper class people whom he wants to get rid of. This is not the case. The upper classes, rich people, were not impressed with Lenin trying to get rid of them. So he didnt really become very popular with them. They didnt like him and because they owned massive pasts of Russia this was a problem. This cartoon would have won some votes with the lower and working class the fact that he was trying to make it an even playing field for all. Source D This cannot really tell us much about the situation in Russia but it does give us a global sense of the feelings towards Lenin and his government. The first couple of lines give us a feel for what the Russian people would be in for. If the things Robert Lansing predicted happen then Lenin and his government would not be popular in Russia. The mass deaths would not go down well with the people in Russia. This did come true and so Lenin government didnt look good. This source tells that the government didnt have a lot of friends outside of the country. Lansing was an American and they were a major power but Lenin didnt have their support as you can see from this statement. The statement written by Robert Lansing is a biased account though as the Americans were fighting the First World War with Russia until they pulled out and so there would be some bitterness between the two countries. Source E This source came from Winston Churchill. This again tells that Lenin was not popular outside of Russia. It gives a comparison to the Kaiser. If Lenin were thought of like the Kaiser then he would be hated like the Kaiser. Churchill gives a good comparison but his opinion is biased and should be not be used as fact it is only an opinion. Source F The final source gives reasons why Lenin was unpopular. This source is taken from a textbook and therefore will be correct. It gives facts why Lenin was not popular; economic collapse, Industrial production had dropped by 20 per cent of the level it was in 1913, harvest produced only 60 per cent of the normal amount and during the civil war famine and disease caused 8 million deaths. These facts give hard evidence why the Russian people have cause to not like Lenin. All of these sources tell us that Lenin and the Bolsheviks popularity changed over the time they were in power. If we can trust the early sources you would believe that he was popular. In 1917 Lenin would have been popular as the country was in disarray and would have supported any leader. However as his time went on the true view of Lenin came out. Towards 1924 he started to go down hill and wasnt as respected by the people. When source F gives the final facts of what was happening it is easy to say that Lenin was not as successful as first thought. Lenin early high popularity dropped towards the end of his time to be hated by the people of Russia.

Maruthi Suzuki India Ltd | Analysis

Maruthi Suzuki India Ltd | Analysis Maruti Udyog Limited is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, the largest manufacturer of mini passenger vehicles in Japan in terms of sales volumes. Suzuki was also the eleventh largest vehicle manufacturer in the world and the fourth largest manufacturer in Japan in terms of worldwide sales volumes in 2000. Maruti was ranked twentieth in terms of worldwide sales volumes amongst vehicle manufacturers, and has been the largest passenger car manufacturer in India. In fiscal 2002, it had the highest sales volumes of 339,964 cars and a market share of 58.6%. Maruti has a diverse product range that includes ten basic models with over 50 variants, of which nine models are manufactured locally and one is imported from Suzuki. The company offers a wide range of cars across different segments. It offers 14 brands and over 150 variants Maruti 800, people movers, Omni and Eeco, international brands Alto, Alto-K10, A-star, WagonR, Swift, Ritz and Estilo, off-roader Gypsy, SUV Grand Vitara, sedans SX4 and Swift DZire In an environment friendly initiative, in August 2010 Maruti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNG option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include Eeco, Alto, Estilo, Wagon R and Sx4. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/about-us.aspx (Accessed: 21 March 2011) Maruti Suzuki India Limited, the countrys largest car manufacturer today rolled out its 1 Crore (ten millionth) car on March 15th 2011. The historic 1 Crore car, a Metallic Breeze Blue coloured WagonR VXi (Chassis No 243899) rolled out from the Companys Gurgaon plant. With this landmark achievement, Maruti Suzuki becomes the only Indian car company that makes its entry into the select club of automobile manufacturers across the globe who have crossed this milestone. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/Maruti-Suzuki-rolls-out-its-1-Crore-Ten-Millionth-car.aspx (Accessed: 21 March 2011) Over the quarter century of its existence, Maruti Suzukis contribution as the growth engine for the Indian automobile industry is widely acknowledged. Maruti Suzuki has impacted the lifestyle and psyche of an entire generation of Indian middle class through the quality of its products and services that are in direct sync with the needs of the Indian populace. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/maruti-dna.aspx (Accessed: 22 March 2011) Situational Analysis: Maruti Suzuki has a good market progress in automobile industry and has good sales performance from their own brand products. The current lineup is compromised of almost all Suzukis, including the Alto and the higher-end Swift and SX4. The company follows a partnership approach with its various stakeholders, and believes that the prosperity and wellbeing of the stakeholders will fuel the growth of the company in the future. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/Stakeholders.aspx#h4 (Accessed: 21 March 2011) The company continue to enjoy a strength growth with Net Sales up by 1.3%, Operating Income up by 0.8% and Net Income up by 3.8%. The companys consolidated profit exceeded those of previous years with 103.2% increase of operating income and 105.4% of net income. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/suzuki-motor-corporation.aspx (Accessed: 21 March 2011) Due to continuous demand, the company is planning on expanding its production by building new plants to cater customer needs, to reduce waiting period and to meet export demands. (Maruti, 2011) Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/Maruti-expansion-plan-in-final-lap.aspx (Accessed: 21 March 2011) Organizations Orientation Orientation: The process of receiving and welcoming an employee when an employee when he first joins a company and giving him the basic information to settle down quickly and start work. -Armstrong, Micheal. A Handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan page limited, 1999. Types Of Orientation: Product Orientation Production Orientation Sales Orientation Marketing Orientation Production Orientation: Production orientation is often a characteristic of organizations which have developed specific skills or technologies. It often involves manufacturing products in large quantities in order to minimize the costs of production. For Eg: The focus of the business is not the needs of the customer, but of reducing costs by mass production. By reaching economies of scale the business will maximize profits by reducing costs. Pg: 16 Marketing Principles and Practice Written By: Adcock, Dennis; Halborg, Al; Ross, Caroline Published By: Pearson Education UK Published In: 2001 Product Orientation: Production orientation is often a characteristic of organizations which have developed specific skills or technologies. It often involves manufacturing products in large quantities in order to minimize the costs of production. For Eg:- We produce excellent, well-designed, quality products which are great value for money. Customers are sure to want our products. Pg: 17 Marketing Principles and Practice Written By: Adcock, Dennis; Halborg, Al; Ross, Caroline Published By: Pearson Education UK Published In: 2001 Sales Orientation: Sales orientation dictates that a business must aggressively promote its products. As the product already exists, sales staff are made responsible for identifying every potential customer. This does not mean that sales representatives are customer-orientated, as that would involve starting with customer needs and not the product. For Eg:- The focus here is to make the product, and then try to sell it to the target market. However, the problem could be that consumers do not like what is being sold to them. Pg: 18 Marketing Principles and Practice Written By: Adcock, Dennis; Halborg, Al; Ross, Caroline Published By: Pearson Education UK Published In: 2001 Marketing Orientation: Kohli and Jaworski (1990) defined market orientation in the following terms: A market orientation entails (1) One or more departments engaging in activities geared toward developing an understanding of customers current and future needs and the factors affecting them (2) Sharing of this understanding across departments (3) The various departments engaging in activities designed to meet select customer needs. In other words, a market orientation refers to the organization-wide generation, dissemination, and responsiveness to market intelligence. Page no:8 Book name: Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning Written By Hooley, Graham J.; Saunders, John A.; Piercy, Nigel F.; Nicoulaud, Brigitte Published By Pearson Education UK in 2008 MACRO ENVIRONMENT- EXTERNAL ANALYSIS PESTEL A technique for analyzing the general environment is called Pestel Analysis. Page 126 Management and Organisational Behaviour, Written by: Mullins, Laurie J. PublishedBy: PearsonEducationUK PublishedIn: 2005 MILEAN/ISBN:9786610601752 Pub e-EAN/ISBN: 9781405871716 Political Political Factors Impact on the industry Effect on Industry Growth Employment New development and demand for more skilled labours High skill job seekers may find it easy to get a job Taxation and Labour Law Increasing changes in the Taxes and increased regulation in labour law Due to increase tax, the company had to increase the product price and it needs effective labour law E commerce The Company opening up online purchasing opportunities Better chance for increase business and customer satisfaction Terrorism Increase in number of terrorism in recent years Affects the market growth and the economy of the company Conclusion: The political factor plays a vital role in the success of the organization. The political factor are the external issues which affect the growth of the organization. Factors like new government taxing and terrorism will have a drastic effect on growth of the organization. Economical: Economical Factors Impact on the industry Effect on Industry Growth Oil Price High import and export rate It causes increase in the product price Currency Tax Change in the exchange rate. Reducing Tax rates Due to constant change in the currency exchange rates, tax rates and the duty rates keeps changing. Economy High economic growth rate It influence and raise the demand and purchasing power. Interest and Inflation Rates Interest and Inflation rates are forecast to increase High interest and inflation rates will have a negative impact on organization growth Conclusion: High economic growth may increase the buying power of the people, but the ever increasing oil price will have an impact on the export and import of product along with problems caused by varying currency exchange rate. Social: Social Factors Impact on the industry Effect on Industry Growth Population Second most in population Skilled labour, among the lowest in the world Brand value Company has strong and well known brand name It attracts people easily Cricket World Cup, IPL etc Increase in tourism. Good opportunity for marketing and for the business to boom Conclusion: Huge population and ongoing Cricket world cup provides an excellent opportunity for business development and having a brand value is an added advantage. Technological: Technological Factors Impact on the industry Effect on Industry Growth Technology About 600,000 engineers pass out each year Enough man power for new development and innovation Secure online transaction Purchase and payment can be done in a secure way. It will be easy for vendors, customers etc to buy and to make payments Modernisation Emergence of Indian automobile market as a major hub for auto manufacturing and research More contribution to GDP, more profit, and brand value Conclusion: Technological changes such as cutting edge design, eco friendly infrastructure and online security will be beneficial for both the company and the customers. Environmental: Environmental Factors Impact on the industry Effect on Industry Growth Pollution Industry follows international standards on emission and safety More support from government. Waste Management Following industry norms One of the highlights of the Organization Conclusion: More efficient and eco friendly changes needs to be done regarding pollution control, but at the same time maintaining industry norms is the highlights of the company. Legal: Factors Impact on the industry Implications International Trade Company imports and exports products from different countries and also does business in many countries Different trade law in each country may affect the business. High import duty has to be paid. Government laws The company has to follow different rules in different countries to run business Some laws in certain countries may affect the business Deregulation/ Privatisation Increased regulation and privatisation of the industry Its an added advantage as it will give more growth opportunities on economic and technological front Micro Environment External Environment PORTERS Five Forces: The five force model of Porter is an outside-in business unit strategy tool that is used to make an analysis of the attractiveness(value) of an industry structure. Competitive Forces model Porter: Value Based Management website. Available at: http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_porter_five_forces.html ( Accessed on 21 March 2011) Porters Five Force Model: Threat to New Entrants: Factor Level of threat Implication Brand Low Maruti Suzuki has been in the industry for a long time, it commands most of the market share and has a strong brand name. Financial investment Low There is less chance of any new entrant to invest as much as Maruti Suzuki and perform well at the current market. Start up cost of new entrant is low. Competence Low Company shares a respectable market in India, its rare for new entrant to catch up Sales Low New entrants may sell their products at low prices but still Maruti Suzukis strong brand name attracts customers Conclusion: Maruti Suzuki has no or less threats from new entrants, because Maruti has established itself as a well known recognisible brand. It has a huge brand value and gained a good market position than any other player in the market. Threat of Substitutes: Factors Level of threat Implication Substitutes Medium There are many substitutes products but Maruti Suzuki products are efficient and cost effective. Importance of substitutes Medium There are not many products that are very efficient so their importance goes down Cost rate Low There are few substitutes that are efficient or reputable, still Maruti Suzuki has a foot hold in that position Conclusion: Though there are many Substitutes, Maruti Suzuki have gained a niche market position for itself but the product efficency in Maruti Suzuki is a concern. Bargaining power of the customers: Factor Level of threat Implication Quality of the product Medium When people look for high Quality product, price is also considered important. Competition High There are many Automobile Companies competing with Maruti Suzuki are so high in competition Differentiation products Medium Customers always look for new and efficient products Conclusion: Since Maruti Suzuki offers good quality and cost effective products with great services, customers usually dont consider features of the product so the level of threat is normally low when compared with other competitors in the market. Bargaining power of the suppliers Factors Level of threat Implication Price of suppliers Medium Prices of the product goes up as the demand increases. Power of suppliers Low Suppliers have to meet the customers needs to get orders in the future Political issues Medium Political issue are to be met by the suppliers Conclusion: There will be little or less threat as suppliers usually try to keep their customers happy. Competitive Rivalry Factors Level of threat Implication Brand identity High All Competitive companies such as TATA, Hyundai, Ford have good brand reputation in the market Company growth High Tough competition from other companies affect the growth Cost structure Medium Most of the companies maintain their cost of profit accordingly to the other competitors. Conclusion: There are products which may be considered as a competitor to Maruti Suzuki so the competitive rivalry among stores is high MARKET SEGMENTATION Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics or behaviour, who might require separate products or marketing mixes. Page 391, Principles of Marketing, Written by: Kotler, Philip; Wong, Veronica; Saunders, John; Armstrong, Gary Published by: Pearlson Education UK Published In: 2005 Pub e-EAN/ISBN: 9781405871358 Consumer Market: The variables used in segmenting consumer markets can be broadly grouped into three main classes: Background customer characteristics; Customer attitudes; Customer behaviour; The first two sets of characteristics concern the individuals predisposition to areas, where as the final set concerns actual behaviour in the market place. Page 274: Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning Written By: Hooley, Graham J.; Saunders, John A.; Piercy, Nigel F. Published By: Pearson Education UK in 2004 Segmentation Profile Psychographic Social Single , Married and Teenager Behaviour Outlook Faithfulness Usage rate Common users High faithfulness in the brand Environmentally concerned Product: Maruti Suzuki has a very wide range of products from small passenger cars to varying segments like sport, sedan, luxury. These are flagship product they offer: Maruti 800 Maruti Alto Maruti Alto K10 Maruti Astar Maruti Eeco Maruti Gypsy Maruti Omni Maruti Ritz Maruti SX4 Maruti Dezire Maruti Swift Maruti Grand Vitara Maruti Estilo Competitors Maruti Suzuki now faces stiff competition from about 3 to 4 major competitors in the market. Newly entered U.S auto makers like General Motors, Ford, Hyundai and local companies like Tata, Mahindra Mahindra are the main competitors of Maruti Suzuki. They also have a major portion in market share. High Quality Low Quality Brand Maruti Suzuki has been ranked Indias most Trusted Brand in Automobile Sector for the year 2010 by Indias leading Business newspaper The Economic Times. Maruti Suzuki has its own brand portfolio of about 14 brands (such as 800, AStar, Alto, Omni, Ritz etc) and exclusive brands like Desire, Swift etc Maruti (2011), Maruti Suzuki Ltd website. Available at: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/customer-delight.aspx (Accessed: 22 March 2011) Core Competence Core Competence of Maruti Suzuki is their famous brand value and their reputed products. Being one of the leading manufacturers in automotive industry, it has a strong national presence. INTERNAL AUDIT: Resources Audit: Physical Resource: -Three Production plant in INDIA One plant in New Delhi. Two plants in Gurgoan. Financial Resource: March10 March09 (Cr.) (Cr.) Total income 29,935.40 21,277.00 Expenditure 25,579.80 18,825.70 Operating Profit 3,737.90 1,903.70 EBITDA 4,355.60 2,451.30 EBIT 3,530.60 1,744.80 EBT 3,497.10 1,693.80 Profit and losses of the year 2,402.20 1,236.70 PAT 2,497.60 1,218.70 Dividend: Equity Dividend 173.30 101.10 Equity Dividend (%) 119.93 69.96 Shares in Issue (Lakhs) 2,889.10 2,889.10 EPS Annualized (Rs) 86.45 42.18 Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/maruti-suzuki-indialtd/profitandlose/companyid-11890.cms Differentiation and Capabilities: Here 5Ms can be used to analyze the Differentiation and Capabilities of Maruti Suzuki Limited. Market: Maruti is one of the leading retailer in INDIA and it is also expanding its market by reaching out the Global customer through its Quality of Service and Product. Men (Human resource): Maruti has employee strength of about 7,600 which is an inclusive of Manufacturing division, Marketing, Sales, Service and Customer support as of March 2010. Source: http://www.marutisuzuki.com/about-us.aspx Money: Financial Resource: March10 March09 (Cr.) (Cr.) Total income 29,935.40 21,277.00 Expenditure 25,579.80 18,825.70 Operating Profit 3,737.90 1,903.70 EBITDA 4,355.60 2,451.30 EBIT 3,530.60 1,744.80 EBT 3,497.10 1,693.80 Profit and losses of the year 2,402.20 1,236.70 PAT 2,497.60 1,218.70 Dividend: Equity Dividend 173.30 101.10 Equity Dividend (%) 119.93 69.96 Shares in Issue (Lakhs) 2,889.10 2,889.10 EPS Annualized (Rs) 86.45 42.18 Machines: Physical Resource: -Three Production plant in INDIA One plant in New Delhi. Two plants in Gurgoan. Materials: Has strong presence in materials like Metals for the frames, copper in the electrical wiring, aluminum for the radiator and platinum, palladium and rhodium in the catalytic converter, Glass, Plastic, Rubber for tiers and lead is used in the battery. SWOT ANALYSIS: A SWOT analysis gives a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the company together with the opportunities and threats it faces. Referred from: Principles of Marketing, Written By: Kotler, Philip; Wong, Veronica; Saunders, John; Armstrong, Gary. Published By: Pearson Education UK, Published In: 2005 MIL EAN/ISBN: 9786610601332 Pub e-EAN/ISBN: 9781405871358 STRENGTHS: Strengths High Brand Loyalty Strong financial resources Leading in niche market Larger investment Level of implication High High Low High B) WEAKNESS: Weakness High operation cost Threat from competitors Level of implication Medium High C) OPPURTUNITIES: Opportunities Market for all class people Support for Sports Model Internet sales Level of implication High Medium Medium D) THREATS: Threats Strong competition Decrease in sales Level of implication High Medium Conclusion: The strength of the organization lies in high quality products and the companys good financial resources. Though they do not have a particularly well suited market for their product, still they invest more on their products which is one of the strengths of Maruti. The weakness of Maruti lies in their high operations cost and the threat from the competitors. Maruti has to focus on the areas of product design and quick service to the customers. The Threat lies in the Strong competition and the increase in the sale of the products due to the competition. 7) MARKETING PLAN Ten steps to documenting your plan Begin with certain inevitable preliminaries (contents, contacts, definitions). Provide an executive summary. Set the scene by describing the business. Review the market, your competition and your market positioning. Explain your vision, mission and objectives. Describe your strategy. Explain your plans for developing your products and/or services. Set out your financial projections. Highlight the risks and opportunities. Reach a conclusion. Referred by: Definitive Business Plan, The: The Fast-Track to Intelligent Business Planning for Executives and Entrepreneurs. Written By: Stutely, Richard, Published By: Pearson Education UK, Published In: 2007 MIL EAN/ISBN: 9786611157036 Pub e-EAN/ISBN: 9781405893978 7.1) COMPANYS OBJECTIVES: Short term( 1 year) Long term (2-4 years) Increase the sale of high quality cars Space and product extension Increase the productivity To expand the business in various countries. To build high range of Sports car To build the world cheapest car. 7.2) STRATEGIES: Maruti has a clear strategy to increase the profit and grow in market share. The company has to plan, to achieve this by increase the sale with the existing customer, attract the new customers and moving into the new market. They have also planned to enhance the offers available through the companys website. And the company has decided to expand the business in different parts of the world with cost effective to sustain in the competitive world. 7.3) MARKETING MIX: PRODUCT: Product is an important term in business, where all company will produce product with better quality, but Maruti is concerned to produce products according to the demands of the customers, to make more efficient and effective in terms of fulfilling the customer needs. PRICE: Maruti have high price for premium products and for Sports model, where there is a range of products or services the pricing reflect the benefits of parts of the range. They also use value pricing during the times of recession and increased competition. Maruti also produces the low price products to attract the customers and for both upper middle class and middle class people. PROMOTION: The endorsement is with simple video . Making customer comfortable through test drive. Targeting people of all class. PEOPLE: Introducing services in a way that suits all range of peoples. They attract people using good promotion and retain the customers with good customer service and support. PLACE: Maruti Suzuki had 802 dealerships across 555 towns and cities in India. It has 906 dealer workshops and 1,834 Maruti Authorised Service Stations in 1,335 towns and cities. It has 30 Express Service Stations on 30 National Highways across 1,314 cities in India. 8) BUDGET BREAKDOWN: Countrys largest car maker Maruti Suzuki India (MSI) said it would consider taking different measures after April to protect its margins due to fluctuation in Japanese Yen, post the devastating earthquake and tsunami. For this month, we are completely protected. In fact, we are covered till April. Beyond that if Yen continues to appreciate, then we will have to take a call to counter it, MSI chief financial officer Ajay Seth said. The companys margins are affected whenever the yen appreciates, while it is beneficial if it depreciates. After the natural disaster that struck the island nation on March 11, the Japanese currency is quoted at about 81 yen against a US dollar compared to that of about 83 yen earlier. There is strong volatility going on at present, with yen appreciating as much as to 76 yen against a dollar recently. Market analysts pointed out that currency hedging is a strong possibility. Usually, Maruti hedges yen against the euro instead of rupee to mitigate the impact, an analyst with a leading brokerage firm, who asked not to be identified, said. On the component sourcing from Japan: Of our total raw material procurement, about 25 per cent are imported. Out of those imported parts, about 80 per cent are purchased in yen. During the October-December period last year, MSI spent Rs 6,959.03 crore in consumption of raw materials and components. It also paid Rs 460 crore as royalty in the quarter to its parent company Suzuki, which is about 5.5 per cent of MSIs total sales. The impact of Japans natural disaster on MSIs production, it will remain unaffected for some time till next month as the company has enough inventory of components. Besides the stock at the plants, getting some supplies, which will reach from Japan that started sailing just before the earthquake. Last week, the company had said it was assessing the possible impact of the natural calamity on its components import from Japan. Earlier, MSI had cancelled the celebrations for rolling out its 1,00,00,000th car in view of the catastrophe. Shares of MSI were trading at Rs 1,170.05 on the Bombay Stock Exchange during late afternoon trade, up 3.42 per cent from its previous close. SOURCE: http://profit.ndtv.com/news/show/maruti-gears-up-to-counter-yen-impact-on-margins-145852?pfrom=home-Business Biblography http://www.whatmakesagoodleader.com/macro-environment-analysis.html