Cuban Missile Crisis :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. The United States had sent a B-29 bomber plane named â€Å"Enola Gay† to fly over the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan and drop the first atomic bomb ever – â€Å"Little Boy† . The world had never experienced anything like it. One hundred thousand died almost instantly -- most of them were civilians. Three days later, in Nagasaki, another bomb -- â€Å"Fat Man† – was dropped. This time roughly forty thousand died. The people of the world were glad to see that the bombs ended most destructive war ever, but over the course of the forty years the world feared a nuclear battle that could wipe out all humankind off of the face of the Earth. The images that were coming from the aftermath of the bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki affected almost every person in the world in all aspects. The image of the mushroom-shaped cloud and the desolate city would remain in every person’s mind as an image of destruction and as a warning of the danger of a nuclear war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Manhattan Project was the code name for an effort to create an atomic bomb during World War II. It was named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers because most of the early research was done in New York City . Refugee physicists sparked the project soon after German scientists had discovered nuclear fission in 1938. Many American scientists feared that Hitler and the Germans would produce a nuclear bomb; consequently, they contacted Albert Einstein to write a letter to United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to help the production of the first nuclear bomb. Roosevelt agreed to assist the scientists and they began the Manhattan Project. The development took place at laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico, located on an isolated mesa. The project was to be kept classified under all circumstances. The scientists working at the plant could not even tell their wives about their work, unless they worked there themselves. All the mail in the town was censored; everybody was restricted to a two hundred mile radius and residents were forbidden to tell their friends where they lived. No one in the community had a name; rather everyone was either a â€Å"sir† or â€Å"mister†. The most serious threat to the security of the project was the hiring of Klaus Fuchs who was found guilty of obtaining top-secret documents and sending them to the Soviet Union.

How to Handle the Situation After Missing a Test or an Important Assign

How to Handle the Situation After Missing a Test or an Important Assignment If you have ever missed a test or failed to turn in a major assignment on time, then you know that the longer you’ve been gone, the harder it becomes to work on that late project. What can you do to break the cycle of avoidance and delay? Realize that your absence weighs heavier on your mind than the other person’s. Advisors are not losing sleep over late dissertation proposals and journal editors aren’t agonizing over missing manuscripts. The project is more important to you than anyone else. Remember, when you do get in touch, the person is unlikely to be angry and punitive. We tend to be much harsher about our own tardiness than we are about other people’s delays. Advisors know it is difficult to write dissertation drafts. Journal editors are accustomed to academics who take a long time to turn around R&R manuscripts. Lower rather than raise your standards when you’re running late. Don’t try to make your work more polished to make up for taking so long. Just try to get something sent out for feedback. End the cycle by chanting to yourself â€Å"A done dissertation is a good dissertation† or â€Å"A published paper is the only paper that counts.† Get in touch even before you have the â€Å"completed product† ready for review. Try to get in touch as soon as you know that you are going to miss the deadline. Let the person know that you are working on your project. Facing your fear of the other person’s disapproval and re-establishing contact, will help lower your anxiety so that you can get back to work Beware of setting deadlines you won’t be able to meet. If you are running late with a project, and you decide to resume contact, try not to set yourself... ...or the point. You’re late. You’re sorry. You’re now doing your best to complete the project. Try a â€Å"practice run† before clicking on the send button. I often advise coaching clients to write a draft of a difficult email without typing in the address to prevent sending an unfinished message accidentally. Often, clients report that once they’ve drafted a short ‘hello’ it feels surprisingly easy to send the email. Keep in mind that even if you get a negative reaction when you revive contact, at least you’ve faced your dread of the unknown. Anticipating how the other person may respond to your missed deadline can feel like a black hole of potential admonishment. Even if your advisor or colleague is angry, at least you can begin to repair the relationship rather than allow resentment to fester. Get in touch and get it over with. You are likely to experience relief.

NGN Migration

There is an urgent need that telecommunication services that are converged and qualitative be offered as this will pave way for the Next Generation Networks focusing on reducing the existing digital divide. NGN migration involves the process of changing the dormant cabinets to being active. This requires very accurate information on the local loop connectivity enabling the existing pairs to be rapidly copied from the existing frame to a new one and without erring. (Michael, 2001) Once the migration is completed without any service interruption any information concerning the quality of the pairs is very important in supplying the high-bandwidth services. Most carriers and service providers are looking for an aggressive improvement of their services and their migration to the New Generation Services Network. There is an intense competition which is continually eroding the profitability of most of the service providers majority of whom are transiting to IP.The NGN service providers thus need more inventive   joint infrastructures  Ã‚   that will improve the current services delivery. They should also provide a framework for solutions in the intelligence of the greater network. (Lee, Deborah, Kevin, and Sally, 2000) The carriers will not only have a short term relief through flexibility and incorporation but also their position in seizing other new market opportunities will be expanded. The solutions which are part and parcel of the Cisco IP NGN objectives encompass a wider transformation of both the entire businesses and the service providers. The IP NGN sanctions the service providers to meet all the customers’ needs more efficiently while providing a basis for delivering profit sustaining applications. Cisco IP NGM has created an intelligent infrastructure that opens opportunities for service providers so that they can offer more advanced and personalized media services over any other form of connection. Cisco strongly supports the NGN transition in relation to its conceptual planning and the network design. It also serves as a business partner supporting the service providers on the NGN migration. Cisco on the other hand assists the service providers in transforming their businesses and their networks. The transformation offers new value added services that help them increase their profitability and achieve greater efficiency. The IP NGM cannot be bought by the service providers since it evolves constantly adapting to its customers demands and opportunities in the new technology. However it is possible to still give speculations about the transformation. The NGM encompasses the service provider’s current and future services realizing the fact that the largest part of the growth will be in data and video services. Voice services will initially be significant in the service portfolio giving way to richer media services inclusive of video, voice and data. (Larry & Bruce, 2000) The shift towards NGN entails the service provider’s network as a whole since it not only concerns itself with bandwidth in network access but also in the delivery of an excellence bandwidth in the entire network. IP NGM is more about making significant changes to an individual network thus creating a single network for service deliveries. A regulators global symposium held in February 2007 laid down guidelines for NGNs migration with a goal of promoting frameworks that promote innovation, and a reasonably priced access to NGN.This took place in a three day meeting in Dubai during which   Ã‚  guidelines for telecommunications migration were laid down. The regulators designed a roadmap that would encourage frameworks that are regulated .The International Engineering Consortium experts gave an NGN definition as the blend between the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the public switched data network (PSDN) as it also creates a multi service single network. An explanation was given that the switch infrastructures proprietary owned, the architecture for NGNs pushes for a central office functions to the network edge. The results are a network infrastructure that is well distributed leveraging open and new technologies therefore reducing the market entry cost and increasing flexibility as well as accommodate the packet-switched data and the circuit-switched data. (Ericsson, 2001) Other scholars similarly defined it as the future networks stimulated by the need to transport data and multimedia services through the same network having very flexible deployment and the capability to change various models in the economy for the best results. The telecommunications regulatory department globally that is in charge of the standardization also defined NGN as a network that is packet based with the potential to provide various telecommunication services and simultaneously making use of the multiple broadband. Practically speaking the NGN involves architectural changes which include the core network through the PSTN design and the cable and wire access.NGN encompasses transport networks as a core network with each built for a totally different service to become a single transport network which is oftenly based on either internet protocol (IP) or Ethernet. There is a specific definition between the network services running on the transports top and the connectivity ratio of the network. This indicates that when a new service is to be enabled by a provider this could be done by first directly defining the service layer without the consideration of the transport layer. Here the services are independent of any details pertaining transport thus increasing the applications that are independent of the network access through delayering of the application and the networks. The global symposium for the regulators was initiated in the year 2000with participants from all over the world as this year they centered on the NGNs migration. It focused on the roadmap to next generation’s networks and how they could achieve success at the same time promoting investment. The meeting also fully did an examination on the regulatory issues that are very urgent such as the NGNs interconnection, competition, universal access, consumer protection, investment and the global interconnection of the internet. According to the regulators secretary general the best practices were to be adopted offering a possible way of providing benefits to both the consumers and the service providers through reduced costs. They would also offer new and innovative services to the consumers. The guidelines also called upon the regulators to adopt regimes that can be subjected to regular checkups ensuring that competition barriers are eliminated. They were to ensure that both the users and the providers can easily migrate to other networks in the future when all the required market conditions are met. (Bennett, 2001) The regulators were ready to tailor the adopted practices in the world market as they were also urged in adopting flexible interconnection models that would allow a very smooth transition to the NGNs.They were also urged to maintain a playing field that is leveled thus protecting the interests of the consumers. The participants made an agreement that various steps were to be taken that the market did not suffer any form of competition distortion especially in the issue of convergence. There was also a risk that the providers of the NGN and the operators also were in a position to regulate the competition at the service level to their own advantage. The regulators were also cautioned to be on the look out monitoring any incidents requiring a regulatory response (Erick, 2001) The ITU director also gave an explanation that NGN was placed in-between thee internet and the telecom worlds thus bringing out a variety of issues to be handled by the regulators themselves. They were also encouraged to clearly define policies that would allow the IP networks and the legacy to co-exist offering a voice together. There should be a consideration put in place while making the obligations applicable to the providers and the operators of the telephony services not considering the service delivery to the consumers (Anders 2000) The issues pertaining the process of the NGNs migration are to be addressed with urgency for the formation of a high level co-coordinating committee consisting of the major key players in the industry. These key people are to all the issues relevant so that there is a there is a systematic and smooth transition from the existing networks to the NGNs.Various issues are to be handled by the committee formed so that they can create awareness for the NGNs building programme.They are also expected to put up a timetable for the NGN migration world wide.    References Anders A. (2000):   Capacital study of statistical multiplexing for IP telephony. Technical Report T2000:03, SICS. P 78-105 Bennett, J.   (2001): Voice over packet reliability issues for next generation net- Works. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, volume 1, ICC, June 2001. P 142–145. Eirik, H. (2001):   Planning for migration to a next generation network. Master’s thesis, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, September 2001 p 89-99 Ericsson, O. (2001):   The migration story: Different highways to a multi-service net- Work. White Paper, October 2001. p 85 Larry L. & Bruce S. (2000):   Computer Networks, a Systems Approach. Morgan Kaufmann, second edition. P 45-66 Lee B., Deborah E., Kevin, F., and Sally F. (2000): Advances in network simulation. IEEE Computer, 33(5), 78-84 Michael, D. (2001):   Evolving the next generation network. Technical Report PR 109 NPD 01, Eircom, March 2001.p 56-89               

After high school Essay

As we get older, more and more problems begin to form. When we reach our teenage years though, it becomes worse. One problem I think the hardest is for young adults is deciding what we want to do for the rest of our lives when we are so young. You can go to college, military or the working field depending on your preference. When we’re in high school, we have to raise our hand and ask to use the restroom, go to the office to make any phone call no matter how important it may be and have ridiculous dress code rules. You are treated like a child from kindergarten all the way up to senior year and yet they expect you to make the most important decision of your life then. One thing that people do straight out of high school is go directly to the work field. Although its normally in most people’s best interest not to, not everyone is made for college. Unless you are extremely lucky, it has been found that people who didn’t advance to other education after high school make 85% less than those with a college diploma. My brother has a roommate in college and his dad dropped out of college after his first year or two and he makes more money than most people will ever see. His wife doesn’t have to work and his kids have it made when it comes to the materialistic things in life. He owns his own real estate company in Pittsburgh and sells and rents houses to people. He does most of his own work so he doesn’t have to pay people to do it, which is very convenient for him. Although most people do not get as lucky as him, that’s okay for some people because money isn’t everything though. Sometimes it’s better to take time off of school instead of wasting all that money when you don’t even know what you are planning on doing for the rest of your life and going straight to college. There are many reasons why people decide to not go to college, not because they just don’t think that they can do it. Sometimes people have kids before they plan, family problems or even they just can’t get help to pay for it so it holds them back from attending. College is an expensive thing that most people don’t want to pay for. You have years of loans to pay back and for a lot of people; they end up miserable at their jobs after a few years. It is also very hard to get help to pay for you college education. When my cousin tried getting help for college, because she had a full time job and no kids she could get barely any money even though she wasn’t getting any help from her parents. If college still isn’t the right thing for you but you don’t want McDonalds to be your only  definite in for a job, the military is a great option. Although you have to work your butt off for it, the military gives awesome benefits. Of course it’s nothing that the NBA players make, which is ridiculous, but it is still a lot just for being in the military. A player in the NBA averages about $5.15 million per year and all the do is dribble and shoot a basketball for a living where people in the military have to work their tails off every single day to fight for our country and they only get about $70 thousand per year. There is a lot of schooling that they will pay for you so you can still get an education while being in the military. Not only will you get your schooling paid for, but also you can even get paid for going. Also, they have programs like ROTC where you can still train for the military but you are in an actual college getting your education. As well as getting your education paid for, you also get free medical care, financial security and you can retire around 20 years before other people do. If you get all of that stuff paid for, is there even anything left to buy? Food and housing. No worries, in the Army, you receive a regular paycheck and free housing including meals. If you live off of base, you will still receive a housing allowance. Even if the amount of free meals and the checks don’t cover all of the food you want, some restaurants and grocery stores offer military discounts, which will also save a lot of money. My dad owns houses and rent them out to people and the first thing he looks at is what kind of job they have to make sure they can keep up with rent. Last summer there was a guy from the Army that tried to rent of my dad and he told him that the monthly paying isn’t going to be a big deal because he gets checks from the Army specifically for his housing so it is totally free for him. Although college isn’t everyone’s best option, I believe it’s more worth it than working forever at a job that barely gets you by. Colleges can really help you out when you aren’t exactly sure what you want to do. Some even make you take a full year of general education classes just so you are sure that you want to be in that major. Nobody should waste thousands of dollars just to change their mind like 50-70% of college kids end up doing. Also, most colleges have classes that help you transition from high school to college and help get good study habits and things like that. For most kids, what they do for the school like sports, music, theatre and clubs is the most important part of high school. Proceeding to college gives you the opportunity to further  your career in things like that where there are plenty of sports, clubs, different bands and also sororities and fraternities. Although that would be going to college for the wrong reasons, a college education in general expands your knowledge base, makes you more organized and exposes you to a whole new world of learning. There are also so many different types of colleges though. Depending on your preference, you can go to school for a few months or 12 years. There are community colleges, tech schools, four-year schools and also schools that are totally based on what you want to do. At the four-year schools, you have to take a certain amount of general education courses where as a college with a certain amount of month program, all of your classes are dedicated for your major. Every school that you go to has a variety of majors to choose from which also make the college option hard. There are some things that people will never even hear of until they go to college and even then, there are thousands of jobs you can do with most majors that people will probably never even know throughout their entire life. A lot of people don’t realize that a really big benefit of going to both college and the military is the life long friends that you make. Of course you’ll always have your friends from high school, but college and the military both give you the opportunity to start over and make new friends. As you can see, there are benefits to every option you decide to do when you graduate high school. There are also a lot of cons to the option that you decide. It all depends on the person and what they are like. It’s just a very hard decision to make when you are barely old enough to stay outside past 11pm. We are very uneducated about the all the different majors in college and the benefits of or other options if we decided to not go to college. We have only lived about a quarter of our life and we are expected to decide what we want to do for three more quarters of our life. This decision is the one that is going to affect you for the rest of your life and I just don’t think that we are educated enough to make it.

Application Of GPS To Disaster Management Information Technology Essay

Application Of GPS To Disaster Management Information Technology Essay GPS is particularly useful during disasters because it operates in any weather, anywhere and at all times. While it functions simply to give the location of the receiver, the level of precision of GPS makes it quite useful in disaster management. GPS find its greatest utility during the response and recovery phases; however it can also be utilized during preparedness and mitigation phases. An important application of GPS in EDM is tracking of emergency vehicles or supplies. In this application the GPS receiver attached to the vehicle and the location is overlaid onto a map. Other applications include the monitoring the height of waves. GPS units are fixed to buoys and the height of the units are can be determined to within centimetres any significant change in wave height or velocity can trigger an alarm for a tsunami or sea surge. Volcanoes can also be monitored using GPS. By measuring the deformation of the ground, inferences about volcanic activity can be made. Remote Sensing and Flooding Flooding is one of the most frequently occurring hazards. With flooding comes the risk of damage or disruption to normal living including communication, transportation, the environment and infrastructure. Given the magnitude of disruption that can take place, it may be difficult for disaster managers to gain access to remote areas or areas that have been cut off as a result of the disaster. Remote sensing as a technological tool would greatly assist this process as it would allow users of the technology the opportunity to view what is taking place in an affected area, without jeopardizing the safety of the user, since they will not actually be at the site. It is always going to be difficult, if not impossible, for planners to identify all the areas likely to experience flooding in any location. The use of technology however, in determining flood potential could highlight features of the geography that could make the community susceptible to the hazard. Types of flooding su ch as flash flooding, which usually take place in a relatively short time, with little or no warning could prove potentially dangerous for disaster managers if they attempt to physically go into an area that has been experiencing continuous rainfall. While the task of providing assistance to victims is critical and time dependent, a physical presence in the affected area could increase the persons at risk. Using remote technology however, would allow response workers to stay away from danger zones while at the same time gather pertinent information to facilitate timely response, rescue and relief efforts. Floodplain mapping is a useful indication of flood possibilities in an area and remote sensing can aid the process of identifying flood plains. The technology would generate satellite imagery of the area in question, which would allow for proper planning and timely rescue efforts should the need arise. The detailed photography produced from remote sensing provides accurate informat ion and can restrict efforts to the affected area. Other characteristics that could be identified about a geographic region using remote sensing include land-use classification, historical data, soil coverage, and soil moisture.

Adequacy vc. Equity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adequacy vc. Equity - Research Paper Example re sufficient to achieve such envisaged goals, and which agencies and institutions could be and should be attributed the responsibility to furnish resources for these purposes (Marzano & Kendall, 1999). School funding is a topic that has achieved the immense attention of parents, tax payers and policy makers across the length and breadth of the United States (Marzano & Kendall, 1999). Since the 70s, there has been a deluge of the law suits filed in the law courts of almost all the states of America. Therefore, equity versus adequacy debate is of apt relevance in this context. The equity issue in the sphere of school funding came into light with the filing of Serrano vs. Priest case in California in 1971 (Odden & Picus, 1999, p. 129). In 1976, the California State Supreme Court extended the judgment that California school funding arrangements violated the guarantee to equal protection under law enshrined in the United States Constitution. The equity concept highlighted by this case professed that all the school districts in a state should have access to same and equal resources to extend education to their students (Odden & Picus, 1999, p. 131). In the domain of educational finance, equity means the placement of provisions to assure equality in the distribution of educational resources by a state across districts, and to put in place a system for fairness, so far as the allocation of available resources for funding school education are concerned. The equity principle has its advantages in the sense that it allows for the placement of uniformly enforceable educational standards across a state. However, the big problem with the equity principle is that it does not take into consideration the variegated nature of American demography. There are some sections of the American society that have been traditionally marginalized and sidelined, and hence need access to more than average resources for educational purposes. Equity principle simply ignores the different costs

To what extent is Wordsworth a typical romantic Essay

To what extent is Wordsworth a typical romantic - Essay Example The Romantic Period’s exact origin could not be exactly identified by Lomard, but she averred that it ended in 1837, only 13 years before Wordsworth died. It can be clearly deduced that Wordsworth was a literary poet during the Romantic period: â€Å"a movement that championed imagination and emotions as more powerful than reason and systematic thinking† (Cummings, 2008).  The topics for his poetry were diverse, but the Poet Hunter site (n.d.) described the universal appeal of Wordsworth’s peoms through the poet’s own words of what the role of poetry was to him: â€Å"what he called "the most philosophical of all writing" whose object is "truth...carried alive into the heart by passion" (Poet Hunter, par. 5).  Through his own perception and the value by which he defined poetry, Wordsworth was a true romantic. Technically, a romantic is defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as â€Å"marked by the imaginative or emotional appeal of what is heroic, adventurous, remote, mysterious, or idealize† (par.   4). All the characteristics and traits depicted in the definition are manifested by Wordsworth.In the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the poet expressed admiration for the beauty and radiant colors of daffodils, especially from afar. The simplicity and effective description of Wordsworth using imagination, metaphors and other figures of speech were eminent. There was also the element of alliteration when Wordsworth wrote: â€Å"Beside the lake, beneath the trees† (Literature Network: I Wandered, par. 1).... There was simile as the narrator compared his solitary stance to a cloud – far and distant but overseeing. There was personification as the narrator depicted the cloud’s similarity to a human being (through the title of the poem); and the daffodils were compared to a crowd: â€Å"When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils† (Literature Network: I Wandered, par. 1). There was also the element of alliteration when Wordsworth wrote: â€Å"Beside the lake, beneath the trees† (Literature Network: I Wandered, par. 1). There was a formed pattern and structure: four stanzas of six lines each; and rhyme: the first line rhymes with the third and the second with the fourth. As interpreted by Cummings (2008), â€Å"Wordsworth unifies the content of the poem by focusing the first three stanzas on the experience at the lake and the last stanza on the memory of that experience† (par. 13). The profound themes focused on the beauty of nature through flowers that grow in multitude, radiant by the sea side. Further, in one’s solitude, one gets the chance to reflect on the beauty that abounds in the natural environment. Sometimes, it takes being alone to truly appreciate the beauty around us. This poem truly manifests Wordsworth as a romantic in expressing his imagination and emotions through the beauty of nature. There is the sense of romantic appeal in expressing delight and adoration for natural beauty in simple things that people could normally forget to truly appreciate. The poem Anecdote for Fathers, Wordsworth clearly manifested his being a romantic through the bonding shared between father and son. The poem shows a defined structure with 15 stanzas and four lines each. Syllabication